汇编指令对应的英文单词
学习汇编中碰到的很多命令书上都是强行给出，丝毫不讲命令用词的原由，命令究竟是哪个英文单词的缩写，这样记起来很是麻烦，现总结一下，以方便记忆。
一、寄存器类（register）：
- 通用寄存器:AX,BX,CX,DX——这几个没什么好写的，就是这样了。
- 段寄存器：代码段寄存器CS–code segment , 数据段寄存器DS–data segment , 堆栈段寄存器SS–stack segment ，附加段寄存器ES–extra segment 。
- 特殊功能寄存器：指令指针寄存器IP–instruction pointer ，堆栈指针SP–stack pointer ，基址指针BP–base pointer ，源变址寄存器SI–source index ，目标变址寄存器DI–destination index ，标志寄存器FR–flag register（或者叫程序状态字PSW–program status word）。
- PSW常用的标志有：
标志 值为1时的标记 值为0时的标记
- OF(overflow flag) OV(overflow) NV(not overflow)
- ZF(zero flag) ZR(zero) NZ(not zero)
- PF(parity flag) PE(parity even) PO(parity odd)
- CF(carry flag) CY(carried) NC(not carried)
- DF(direction flag) DN(down) UP(up)
- SF(sign flag) NG(negtive) PL(plus)
- TF(trap flag)
- IF(interrupt flag)
- AF(auxiliary flag)
命令类
1.通用数据传送指令.
- MOV—-> move
- MOVSX—->extended move with sign data
- MOVZX—->extended move with zero data
- PUSH—->push
- POP—->pop
- PUSHA—->push all
- POPA—->pop all
- PUSHAD—->push all data
- POPAD—->pop all data
- BSWAP—->byte swap
- XCHG—->exchange
- CMPXCHG—->compare and change
- XADD—->exchange and add
- XLAT—->translate
2.输入输出端口传送指令.
- IN—->input
- OUT—->output
3.目的地址传送指令.
- LEA—->load effective address
- LDS—->load DS
- LES—->load ES
- LFS—->load FS
- LGS—->load GS
- LSS—->load SS
4.标志传送指令.
- LAHF—->load AH from flag
- SAHF—->save AH to flag
- PUSHF—->push flag
- POPF—->pop flag
- PUSHD—->push dflag
- POPD—->pop dflag
二、算术运算指令
- ADD—->add
- ADC—->add with carry
- INC—->increase 1
- AAA—->ascii add with adjust
- DAA—->decimal add with adjust
- SUB—->substract
- SBB—->substract with borrow
- DEC—->decrease 1
- NEC—->negative
- CMP—->compare
- AAS—->ascii adjust on substract
- DAS—->decimal adjust on substract
- MUL—->multiplication
- IMUL—->integer multiplication
- AAM—->ascii adjust on multiplication
- DIV—->divide
- IDIV—->integer divide
- AAD—->ascii adjust on divide
- CBW—->change byte to word
- CWD—->change word to double word
- CWDE—->change word to double word with sign to EAX
- CDQ—->change double word to quadrate word
三、逻辑运算指令
- AND—->and
- OR—->or
- XOR—->xor
- NOT—->not
- TEST—->test
- SHL—->shift left
- SAL—->arithmatic shift left
- SHR—->shift right
- SAR—->arithmatic shift right
- ROL—->rotate left
- ROR—->rotate right
- RCL—->rotate left with carry
- RCR—->rotate right with carry
四、串指令
- MOVS—->move string
- CMPS—->compare string
- SCAS—->scan string
- LODS—->load string
- STOS—->store string
- REP—->repeat
- REPE—->repeat when equal
- REPZ—->repeat when zero flag
- REPNE—->repeat when not equal
- REPNZ—->repeat when zero flag
- REPC—->repeat when carry flag
- REPNC—->repeat when not carry flag
五、程序转移指令
———————————————————————————————————————
1>无条件转移指令(长转移)
- JMP—->jump
- CALL—->call
- RET—->return
- RETF—->return far
2>条件转移指令(短转移,-128到+127的距离内)
- JAE—->jump when above or equal
- JNB—->jump when not below
- JB—->jump when below
- JNAE—->jump when not above or equal
- JBE—->jump when below or equal
- JNA—->jump when not above
- JG—->jump when greater
- JNLE—->jump when not less or equal
- JGE—->jump when greater or equal
- JNL—->jump when not less
- JL—->jump when less
- JNGE—->jump when not greater or equal
- JLE—->jump when less or equal
- JNG—->jump when not greater
- JE—->jump when equal
- JZ—->jump when has zero flag
- JNE—->jump when not equal
- JNZ—->jump when not has zero flag
- JC—->jump when has carry flag
- JNC—->jump when not has carry flag
- JNO—->jump when not has overflow flag
- JNP—->jump when not has parity flag
- JPO—->jump when parity flag is odd
- JNS—->jump when not has sign flag
- JO—->jump when has overflow flag
- JP—->jump when has parity flag
- JPE—->jump when parity flag is even
- JS—->jump when has sign flag
3>循环控制指令(短转移)
- LOOP—->loop
- LOOPE—->loop equal
- LOOPZ—->loop zero
- LOOPNE—->loop not equal
- LOOPNZ—->loop not zero
- JCXZ—->jump when CX is zero
- JECXZ—->jump when ECX is zero
4>中断指令
- INT—->interrupt
- INTO—->overflow interrupt
- IRET—->interrupt return
5>处理器控制指令
- HLT—->halt
- WAIT—->wait
- ESC—->escape
- LOCK—->lock
- NOP—->no operation
- STC—->set carry
- CLC—->clear carry
- CMC—->carry make change
- STD—->set direction
- CLD—->clear direction
- STI—->set interrupt
- CLI—->clear interrupt
六、伪指令
- —————————————————————————————————————
- DW—->definw word
- PROC—->procedure
- ENDP—->end of procedure
- SEGMENT—->segment
- ASSUME—->assume
- ENDS—->end segment
- END—->end